Spurred by widespread criticism over the unavailability of its documents from the Nazi era, the Vatican in 2003 began to open secret archives to researchers, making public an array of material from the pontificate of Achille Ratti, who as Pius XI held office from 1922—the year of Mussolini’s march on Rome—to his death, in 1939, on the eve of World War II. The Vatican is n (...)
November 30, 1999
Books
Prisoners of Their Office?
Pope and DevilThe Vatican’s Archives and the Third Reich by Hubert Wolf, translated by Kenneth KronenbergBelknap Press of Harvard University Press, $29.95, 336 pp.
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Counter-Reformation?