Of Protestants and Presidents…
Tomorrow’s inauguration will be historic for many reasons, the most obvious being the installation of the nation’s first African-American president. What will not change, however, is the Protestant monopoly of the event.
The new president is a Protestant (though in search of a new church), and while he has the nation’s first Catholic VP, the lone Catholic chief executive remains JFK–inaugurated nearly a half century ago. The Pew Forum has an excellent page of web resources.
The chart of the religious affiliation of all the presidents says it all. Heck, the Unitarians have had four representatives in this presidential pantheon, and even the Quakers have had two. (Okay, one was Nixon. But still.) No non-Christians (Heaven forfend!) but three “unaffiliated”–Andrew Johnson, Jefferson and Lincoln–all of whom had beliefs of a sort, though atheist organizations also like to claim them as native sons.
Why no Catholics, despite the Church’s standing as the nation’s largest single denomination? Good question, and maybe folks will have some answers. Suggestions: Catholics are so divided among themselves they have no “bloc” to get behind a candidate or party, the way evangelicals do, e.g. Or the leadership and laity are so divided that drafting a Catholic candidate is too risky. Or, perhaps, Catholicism, for all its vaunted assimilation, remains too distinctive, too “different” from the prevailing non-denominational ethos.
That last factor struck me as I was reading Steve Waldman’s posts at Beliefnet. Waldman has written a book about the faith (or lack thereof) of the Founding Fathers, and he has been researching the history of inaugural address and prayers (his archive of prayers is here). Waldman also discovered the odd fact that the inaugural prayers before 1989 (FDR began the practice in 1937) were quite diverse affairs, with Protestant clergy delivering fewer than half the invocations and benedictions. By contrast, 12 prayers will have been delivered at inaugurations since 1989 and all of them will have been delivered by Protestants–including tomorrow’s, with Pastor Rick Warren and the Rev. Joseph Lowery giving the invocation and benediction, respectively. Everyone else–Jews, Hindus, Muslims, Greek Orthodox, and, yes, Catholics–will get a turn the next day at the National Prayer Service at the (Episcopal) National Cathedral.
As Steve notes in this piece (which also ran in the Wall Street Journal), Christian clergy in earlier decades prayed in the name of Jesus Christ without disruption, because that was the culture, but also because the dais looked like one of those “walked-into-a-bar” jokes–a minister, a priest and a rabbi. The evangelical Protestant monopoly has arguably contributed to the efforts of some atheist groups (Michael Newdow et al, most notably) to try to stop such religious expressions. But as Steve notes, the monopoly really puts the onus on Warren and Lowery to be inclusive:
“They are Christian ministers and need to stay true to their faith. But they are the only clergy on the podium and therefore must represent all Americans. If they can’t restore the proper balance that existed before 2001, then their prayers will–and should–increase the drumbeat to get rid of inaugural prayers entirely.”
I wouldn’t want to go that far, though it’s interesting to realize that the inaugural prayers, like so much about our godly ”Christian” nation (“In God we trust” on the coins, “under God” in the Pledge) is such a recent “tradition.” Mark Silk unpacks it in an interesting blog post explaining why FDR began the practice and his political savvy in choosing Msgr. John A. Ryan (“The Right Reverend New Dealer”!) to give the benediction. Silk also says:
“Arguably, FDR instituted it precisely to give Ryan the honor. And thereby to signal that Roman Catholicism was now to be an equal partner at national ceremonious occasions. And, perhaps above all, to make it clear that FDR himself was not anti-God and the New Deal not communistic.”
I am not arguing for special treatment in the least. And I don’t think this represents anti-Catholicism of any overt sort. Yet it does seem that there is a growing cultural hegemony of non-denominational (evangelical/Southern Baptist/regular Baptist) Christianity that plays particularly well. And the oddball religions that don’t fit into the tableau so neatly get stuck in the NPS party the day after, like the loser freshmen at the Omega house party in ”Animal House.” Or something like that.
The atheists can have Andrew Johnson!
After the John Kerry debacle, any political party would be nuts to nominate a Catholic!
Rick Warren is a superstar. Who is comparable among Catholics?
So WAS Fulton Sheen comparable?
Is “superstardom” the threshold for snaring such a gig? The thought gives me the creeps.
In the Catholic cosmos, the only star is of course the Pope, and I doubt his schedule would allow him such an appearance. besides, he already gave his imprimatur to one POTUS in the past year… :-)
A priest of some note and worthy repute both spiritually and for his social justice work would fit the bill–Father Bryan Hehir, perhaps? Or, God forbid, a nun?
God forbid, a nun? How about Sr. Helen Prejean?
“After the John Kerry debacle, any political party would be nuts to nominate a Catholic!”
Perhaps, but one of the leading candidates on the Republican side in 2016 is a Catholic convert.
Imagine how Jews must feel!
And the Muslims. And Atheists. And ….
What DID happen to Bp. Gene Robinson’s invocation? Talk about dropping off of the face of the earth after much whoop-de-do prior to the Really Big Show.
Because the United States IS a Protestant country. From its beginnings. Overwhelmingly a British Protestant phenomenon. Catholics may be the largest single denomination in the US today, but we – in large numbers – came rather late to the party: we came in the late 18th-early 20th centuries, mostly from central and southern Europe. We were different, culturally, from mainstream white Protestant America. English was not our mother tongue. America did a great job of assimilating us – especially important during World War I – but even in the years following World War II, we were still somewhat different, a little on the periphery. Those of us who were young during the 1960 campaign will recall the doubts which the mainstream Protestant culture entertained about John F. Kennedy – his Catholicism vaguely exotic, and where would his ultimate loyalties lie? With the Pope? Echoes of the Reformation. Even the separation of church and state, essential to American democracy, came through the Enlightenment in England, which differed somewhat from its development on the Continent.
I have been in Vienna all winter, working on a book project and connecting to the still-prevalent Catholic culture here. Churchbells sill mark the hours. The Stephansdom is truly the heart of the city. The common greeting, on streets and in shops, remains: “Gruß Gott!”. Crucifixes hang in bakeries. The culture here is imbedded in Catholicism – just as American culture is imbedded in English Protestantism, no matter how large or diverse the “minoriity” communities.
Obama’s Inauguration struck the right tone for America as a whole.